American Meteor Society

Legend

Direction from which the phenomenom entered the field of vision of the witness.
Direction from which the phenomenom left the field of vision of the witness.
The witness saw the phenomenon travelling from right to left.
The witness saw the phenomenon travelling from left to right.
The witness didn't provide enough information about the diretion of the phenomenon.
The witness heard a sound at same moment of viewing phenomenon (concurrent sound).
The witness heard a delayed sound, after initial view of phenomenon (delayed sound).

Each witness has a "level" of experience from 1 to 5 - 5 is the highest level of experience.
Use the buttons on the top right section of the map to change the display options.

Report this event Upload a video of this event Upload a photo of this event

1  Photo

09-23-2014 @ 20:48 EST

© United Astronomy Clubs of New Jersey
ID UT Date & Time Local Date & Time City State Dur. Magn. D. Sound C. Sound Frag. Observer Exp.
a 2014-09-24 01:20 UT 2014-09-23 21:20 EDT Red Hook NY ≈3.5s -24 - - Joanne D 1
aa 2014-09-24 00:45 UT 2014-09-23 20:45 EDT Horsham PA ≈3.5s -10 ? ? ? Rebecca L 2
ab 2014-09-24 00:45 UT 2014-09-23 20:45 EDT Greentown PA ≈7.5s -12 ? ? Jen H 3
ac 2014-09-24 00:45 UT 2014-09-23 20:45 EDT East Windsor NJ ≈3.5s -8 - - Caleb R 1
ad 2014-09-24 00:45 UT 2014-09-23 20:45 EDT Middletown CT ≈7.5s -9 ? ? Paul and Samantha S 1
ae 2014-09-24 00:45 UT 2014-09-23 20:45 EDT NJ ≈3.5s -8 - - Sheridan L 1
af 2014-09-24 00:45 UT 2014-09-23 20:45 EDT Shrewsbury PA ≈1.5s -12 - - - Phillip C 2
ag 2014-09-24 00:40 UT 2014-09-23 20:40 EDT South Plainfield NJ ≈3.5s -11 - - - Robert G 2
ah 2014-09-24 00:40 UT 2014-09-23 20:40 EDT NY ≈7.5s -7 ? - Jay L 2
ai 2014-09-24 00:35 UT 2014-09-23 20:35 EDT Brick NJ ≈3.5s -10 ? - Barry C 1
aj 2014-09-24 00:32 UT 2014-09-23 20:32 EDT Montauk NY ≈7.5s 0 - - - Angie L 3
ak 2014-09-23 23:40 UT 2014-09-23 19:40 EDT Howell NJ ≈7.5s -13 ? - Robyn C 1
al 2014-09-24 01:20 UT 2014-09-23 21:20 EDT Ossining NY ≈7.5s 0 ? - ? Jon F 1
am 2014-09-24 00:54 UT 2014-09-23 20:54 EDT Trenton NJ ? -24 - - - denise d 3
an 2014-09-24 00:50 UT 2014-09-23 20:50 EDT Lower Gwynedd PA ? -5 - - - Mark L 1
ao 2014-09-24 00:45 UT 2014-09-23 20:45 EDT Marlton NJ ? -13 - - ? Dan C 2
ap 2014-09-24 01:00 UT 2014-09-23 21:00 EDT Bristol CT ≈7.5s -24 - - Heather L 1
aq 2014-09-24 00:00 UT 2014-09-23 20:00 EDT Luzerne PA ≈45s -17 - - ? Daniel J 1
ar 2014-09-24 00:05 UT 2014-09-23 20:05 EDT Glenside PA ≈3.5s -14 - - Ted H 1
as 2014-09-24 00:05 UT 2014-09-23 20:05 EDT Luzerne PA ≈7.5s -24 ? - ? Karen L 1
at 2014-09-24 00:10 UT 2014-09-23 20:10 EDT Sunbury PA ≈7.5s -24 - - Bendele A 2
au 2014-09-24 00:12 UT 2014-09-23 20:12 EDT West York PA ≈20s -4 - - Melissa F 1
av 2014-09-24 00:15 UT 2014-09-23 20:15 EDT Moosic PA ≈1.5s 0 - - George O 2
aw 2014-09-24 00:30 UT 2014-09-23 20:30 EDT Harrisburg PA ? -23 - - Willis L 1
ax 2014-09-24 00:30 UT 2014-09-23 20:30 EDT Moosic PA ≈1.5s -8 - - George O 2
ay 2014-09-24 00:30 UT 2014-09-23 20:30 EDT allentown PA ≈7.5s -5 ? - - richard s 1
az 2014-09-24 00:30 UT 2014-09-23 20:30 EDT Harrisburg PA ? 0 ? ? Willis L 1
b 2014-09-24 01:00 UT 2014-09-23 21:00 EDT Wallkill NY ≈3.5s -20 - - ? Diane M 1
ba 2014-09-24 00:30 UT 2014-09-23 20:30 EDT East Earl PA ≈3.5s -10 - - - dawn e 3
bb 2014-09-24 00:40 UT 2014-09-23 20:40 EDT wilkes-barre PA ≈7.5s -9 ? - ? janet k 1
bc 2014-09-24 00:40 UT 2014-09-23 20:40 EDT Palmyra PA ≈3.5s -9 ? - Michael F 1
bd 2014-09-24 00:40 UT 2014-09-23 20:40 EDT New Bloomfield PA ≈3.5s -13 ? ? - Kevin H 1
be 2014-09-24 00:40 UT 2014-09-23 20:40 EDT Lititz PA ≈20s -13 ? - - Debra W 1
bf 2014-09-24 00:45 UT 2014-09-23 20:45 EDT Souderton PA ≈3.5s -12 - - ? Danielle B 1
bg 2014-09-24 00:45 UT 2014-09-23 20:45 EDT Chambersburg PA ≈3.5s -6 ? ? Andrew D 2
bh 2014-09-24 00:45 UT 2014-09-23 20:45 EDT Waterford PA ≈1.5s -7 ? ? - Jerry B 4
bi 2014-09-24 00:45 UT 2014-09-23 20:45 EDT Nanticoke PA ≈3.5s -24 - - - Tanya S 1
bj 2014-09-24 00:45 UT 2014-09-23 20:45 EDT Grantville PA ≈45s 0 - - ? Christine E 1
bk 2014-09-24 00:47 UT 2014-09-23 20:47 EDT Plymouth Meeting PA ≈20s -18 - - - Julie D 3
bl 2014-09-24 00:47 UT 2014-09-23 20:47 EDT Ephrata PA <1s -20 - - - Ryan Z 1
bm 2014-09-24 00:47 UT 2014-09-23 20:47 EDT Boyertown PA ? -8 ? - - David F 4
bn 2014-09-24 00:47 UT 2014-09-23 20:47 EDT Newville PA ≈1.5s 0 - - - Jena B 3
bo 2014-09-24 00:47 UT 2014-09-23 20:47 EDT Media PA ≈3.5s -16 - - Thomas L 4
bp 2014-09-24 00:48 UT 2014-09-23 20:48 EDT Mohnton PA ≈3.5s -12 - - Grumling D 2
bq 2014-09-24 00:50 UT 2014-09-23 20:50 EDT Thompsontown PA ≈3.5s -21 - ? ? Sara M 1
br 2014-09-24 00:50 UT 2014-09-23 20:50 EDT Hershey PA ≈3.5s 0 - - ? Brit R 1
bs 2014-09-24 00:50 UT 2014-09-23 20:50 EDT Lincoln University PA ≈3.5s -5 - - Glenn W 3
bt 2014-09-24 00:54 UT 2014-09-23 20:54 EDT Hanover PA ≈3.5s -5 ? - - Amanda H 1
bu 2014-09-24 00:55 UT 2014-09-23 20:55 EDT New Holland PA ≈3.5s -12 - - Josh S 2
bv 2014-09-24 00:55 UT 2014-09-23 20:55 EDT Emporium PA ≈1.5s -13 - - - Shana B 1
bw 2014-09-24 01:00 UT 2014-09-23 21:00 EDT Bethlehem PA ≈3.5s 0 ? - - Amy G 1
bx 2014-09-24 01:00 UT 2014-09-23 21:00 EDT Dallas PA ≈3.5s -18 ? ? Janell S 1
by 2014-09-24 01:00 UT 2014-09-23 21:00 EDT Sciota PA ≈1.5s -10 - - - Alexandria L 1
bz 2014-09-24 01:00 UT 2014-09-23 21:00 EDT Ellwood City PA ≈3.5s -15 - - ? Kelly H 2
c 2014-09-24 00:55 UT 2014-09-23 20:55 EDT Middleburgh NY ≈7.5s -24 ? - - jessica v 1
ca 2014-09-24 01:00 UT 2014-09-23 21:00 EDT Denver PA ≈7.5s -11 - - Matt M 2
cb 2014-09-24 01:00 UT 2014-09-23 21:00 EDT hawley PA ≈3.5s -17 ? - mike s 2
cc 2014-09-24 01:10 UT 2014-09-23 21:10 EDT Chambersburg PA ≈7.5s -13 ? - Brian Y 3
cd 2014-09-24 01:10 UT 2014-09-23 21:10 EDT Malvern PA ≈3.5s -4 ? ? ? Beth M 1
ce 2014-09-24 01:20 UT 2014-09-23 21:20 EDT Bethlehem PA ≈3.5s -6 - - Matt T 3
cf 2014-09-24 01:30 UT 2014-09-23 21:30 EDT carlisle PA ? -24 ? - - maria m 1
cg 2014-09-24 01:30 UT 2014-09-23 21:30 EDT Middletown PA ? -13 ? - ? Michelle W 1
ch 2014-09-24 01:45 UT 2014-09-23 21:45 EDT Saylorsburg PA <1s -9 ? - Kent D 3
ci 2014-09-24 01:55 UT 2014-09-23 21:55 EDT Pittsburgh PA ≈1.5s -12 - - ? S W 2
cj 2014-09-24 02:00 UT 2014-09-23 22:00 EDT Vandergrift PA ≈3.5s -9 - - - John w 2
ck 2014-09-24 02:00 UT 2014-09-23 22:00 EDT Mechanicsburg PA ≈3.5s -24 ? - Matthew V 3
cl 2014-09-24 02:00 UT 2014-09-23 22:00 EDT Conway PA ≈1.5s -9 ? - ? James E 2
cm 2014-09-24 02:06 UT 2014-09-23 22:06 EDT erie PA ≈3.5s -13 ? - - Patti V 1
cn 2014-09-24 02:06 UT 2014-09-23 22:06 EDT erie PA ≈3.5s -13 ? - - Patti V 1
co 2014-09-24 02:10 UT 2014-09-23 22:10 EDT Fombell PA ≈7.5s -20 - - ? susan s 1
cp 2014-09-24 02:15 UT 2014-09-23 22:15 EDT Allentown PA ≈1.5s -11 - - ? Ron R 3
cq 2014-09-24 02:55 UT 2014-09-23 22:55 EDT New Bloomfield PA ≈1.5s -13 ? - - Jaime Z 1
cr 2014-09-24 04:30 UT 2014-09-24 00:30 EDT Duncannon PA ≈3.5s 0 - - Carl B 3
cs 2014-09-23 23:48 UT 2014-09-23 19:48 EDT Greencastle PA ? -22 - - - Alice B 1
ct 2014-09-23 23:40 UT 2014-09-23 19:40 EDT Duncansville PA ? -21 - - - Nicole S 2
cu 2014-09-23 23:10 UT 2014-09-23 19:10 EDT Sayre PA ≈45s -22 - - ? Alex S 3
cv 2014-09-23 20:30 UT 2014-09-23 16:30 EDT Havertown PA ≈20s -17 - - - Mary M 1
cw 2014-09-24 00:45 UT 2014-09-23 20:45 EDT Kingston NY ≈3.5s -6 - - Steven S 4
cx 2014-09-24 01:00 UT 2014-09-23 21:00 EDT Beacon NY ≈3.5s -13 ? - ? Sean B 1
cy 2014-09-24 00:48 UT 2014-09-23 20:48 EDT Frelinghuysen NJ ≈3.5s -10 - - - Chair C 4
cz 2014-09-24 00:45 UT 2014-09-23 20:45 EDT Freehold NJ <1s -8 ? ? - Melina A 3
d 2014-09-24 00:55 UT 2014-09-23 20:55 EDT New York NY ≈3.5s -24 ? - ? Edith L 1
da 2014-09-24 00:49 UT 2014-09-23 20:49 EDT Washington Township NJ ≈3.5s -13 - - - Kelly M 2
db 2014-09-24 00:45 UT 2014-09-23 20:45 EDT troy NY ? -10 - - ? Joshua J 2
dc 2014-09-24 00:42 UT 2014-09-23 20:42 EDT Scotia NY ≈1.5s -11 - - randall t 3
dd 2014-09-24 01:00 UT 2014-09-23 21:00 EDT Poughkeepsie NY ≈3.5s -8 - - Andrew C 2
de 2014-09-23 23:04 UT 2014-09-23 19:04 EDT New York NY ≈20s -21 - - - F J 1
df 2014-09-24 01:43 UT 2014-09-23 21:43 EDT Lyons NY ≈1.5s -21 - - - Joshua D 2
dg 2014-09-24 02:00 UT 2014-09-23 22:00 EDT Pine Bush NY ≈7.5s -21 ? ? ? Jessica P 2
dh 2014-09-24 00:45 UT 2014-09-23 20:45 EDT New York NY ≈1.5s -24 ? ? Luana M 1
di 2014-09-24 01:45 UT 2014-09-23 21:45 EDT Warwick NY ≈7.5s -22 - henry g 4
dj 2014-09-24 00:45 UT 2014-09-23 20:45 EDT NY ≈3.5s -19 - - ? Barry H 2
dk 2014-09-23 23:10 UT 2014-09-23 19:10 EDT Forestville NY ? -23 - - - Jessie B 1
dl 2014-09-24 00:50 UT 2014-09-23 20:50 EDT Poughkeepsie NY ≈45s 0 ? ? ? Jessica M 1
dm 2014-09-24 00:45 UT 2014-09-23 20:45 EDT Yonkers NY ? -24 ? ? - Lowell K 1
dn 2014-09-24 00:50 UT 2014-09-23 20:50 EDT Astoria NY ≈3.5s -14 ? - - Shawn L 3
do 2014-09-24 01:55 UT 2014-09-23 21:55 EDT Kennedy NY ≈3.5s -16 - - - Elizabeth R 2
dp 2014-09-24 00:45 UT 2014-09-23 20:45 EDT Fleischmanns NY ≈3.5s -16 ? - - Laura K 2
dq 2014-09-24 00:45 UT 2014-09-23 20:45 EDT troy NY ? -10 - - ? Joshua J 2
dr 2014-09-24 02:00 UT 2014-09-23 22:00 EDT Ripley NY ≈3.5s -21 - - - Christine M 1
ds 2014-09-24 00:50 UT 2014-09-23 20:50 EDT Poughkeepsie NY ? -19 - - ? Mary H 1
dt 2014-09-24 01:46 UT 2014-09-23 21:46 EDT New York NY ≈1.5s -5 - - Keith F 1
du 2014-09-24 00:45 UT 2014-09-23 20:45 EDT New Paltz NY ≈1.5s -6 - - ryan k 1
dv 2014-09-24 01:00 UT 2014-09-23 21:00 EDT NY ≈3.5s -24 - - Monika R 1
dw 2014-09-24 00:50 UT 2014-09-23 20:50 EDT New York NY ≈7.5s -17 - - - Alex K 1
dx 2014-09-24 00:00 UT 2014-09-23 20:00 EDT Hartsdale NY ≈3.5s -20 - - Erica E 1
dy 2014-09-24 00:55 UT 2014-09-23 20:55 EDT Aspers PA ≈1.5s 0 - - Dan T 1
dz 2014-09-24 01:50 UT 2014-09-23 21:50 EDT Allentown PA <1s -9 - - - Michele A 2
e 2014-09-24 00:51 UT 2014-09-23 20:51 EDT Denton MD ≈3.5s -9 ? - ? C L 3
ea 2014-09-24 01:00 UT 2014-09-23 21:00 EDT Downingtown PA ≈3.5s -17 ? - ? Bill C 1
eb 2014-09-24 02:00 UT 2014-09-23 22:00 EDT Gibsonia PA ? -13 ? ? ? elizabeth p 1
ec 2014-09-24 00:50 UT 2014-09-23 20:50 EDT broad top PA ≈20s -10 ? - - david s 4
ed 2014-09-24 00:46 UT 2014-09-23 20:46 EDT carlisle PA ? 0 - - ? colleen h 1
ee 2014-09-24 00:47 UT 2014-09-23 20:47 EDT Ashland PA ≈3.5s -23 - - Kimberly S 2
ef 2014-09-24 00:55 UT 2014-09-23 20:55 EDT wernersville PA ? -24 - - - erin s 3
eg 2014-09-24 00:46 UT 2014-09-23 20:46 EDT Milton PA ? -24 ? ? ? ivy S 1
eh 2014-09-24 00:46 UT 2014-09-23 20:46 EDT carlisle PA ? 0 - - ? colleen h 1
ei 2014-09-24 00:46 UT 2014-09-23 20:46 EDT carlisle PA ? 0 - - ? colleen h 1
ej 2014-09-24 00:44 UT 2014-09-23 20:44 EDT mechanicsburg PA ? -5 - - ? mary d 3
ek 2014-09-24 00:48 UT 2014-09-23 20:48 EDT Audubon PA ≈3.5s -22 - - Alicia P 1
el 2014-09-24 00:30 UT 2014-09-23 20:30 EDT Jim thorpe PA ? -17 - - ? Ashleigh D 2
em 2014-09-24 00:45 UT 2014-09-23 20:45 EDT Neptune Township NJ ≈1.5s -6 - - Robert W 4
en 2014-09-24 02:30 UT 2014-09-23 22:30 EDT Jackson NJ ≈3.5s -24 - - Mark B 3
eo 2014-09-24 00:40 UT 2014-09-23 20:40 EDT Laurel Springs NJ ≈3.5s -6 ? - ? Amanda H 2
ep 2014-09-24 00:47 UT 2014-09-23 20:47 EDT Wayne NJ ≈1.5s 0 - - - Marino C 1
eq 2014-09-24 00:40 UT 2014-09-23 20:40 EDT Laurel Springs NJ ≈3.5s -6 ? - ? Amanda H 2
er 2014-09-24 00:30 UT 2014-09-23 20:30 EDT Hamilton NJ ≈3.5s -5 ? - ? Maddy B 1
es 2014-09-24 00:40 UT 2014-09-23 20:40 EDT Laurel Springs NJ ≈3.5s -6 ? - ? Amanda H 2
et 2014-09-24 01:30 UT 2014-09-23 21:30 EDT Guttenberg NJ ≈3.5s -12 - - matt b 1
eu 2014-09-24 00:50 UT 2014-09-23 20:50 EDT Howell NJ ≈7.5s -11 - - Ryan W. P 2
ev 2014-09-24 01:03 UT 2014-09-23 21:03 EDT Barnegat Township NJ ≈3.5s -16 - - - Cathy A 3
ew 2014-09-24 01:00 UT 2014-09-23 21:00 EDT Keansburg NJ ≈3.5s -13 - - ? Maria L 1
ex 2014-09-24 00:00 UT 2014-09-23 20:00 EDT Narragansett RI ≈3.5s -24 - - - Diane A 3
ey 2014-09-24 00:01 UT 2014-09-23 20:01 EDT Charlottesville VA ≈7.5s -18 - - - Asad K 2
ez 2014-09-24 00:30 UT 2014-09-23 20:30 EDT Columbia MD ≈1.5s -7 - - - K H 1
f 2014-09-24 00:50 UT 2014-09-23 20:50 EDT Oak Bluffs MA ≈1.5s -17 - - - Christina I 2
fa 2014-09-24 00:30 UT 2014-09-23 20:30 EDT New Milfotd CT ? -5 - - - Lori N 3
fb 2014-09-24 00:30 UT 2014-09-23 20:30 EDT Tisbury MA ≈3.5s -17 - - - Asa V 3
fc 2014-09-24 00:40 UT 2014-09-23 20:40 EDT Newark DE ≈1.5s -22 - - ? Meredith B 1
fd 2014-09-24 00:42 UT 2014-09-23 20:42 EDT Easthampton MA ? -13 - - - salem d 3
fe 2014-09-24 00:43 UT 2014-09-23 20:43 EDT Wilton CT ≈7.5s -7 - - BROOKS G 1
ff 2014-09-24 00:45 UT 2014-09-23 20:45 EDT New Milford CT ≈3.5s -22 - - Adrienne A 3
fg 2014-09-24 00:45 UT 2014-09-23 20:45 EDT Shippensburg PA ? -10 ? ? ? Jeanette S 1
fh 2014-09-24 00:45 UT 2014-09-23 20:45 EDT Framingham MA ≈7.5s -22 - - ? Christine K 2
fi 2014-09-24 00:50 UT 2014-09-23 20:50 EDT Charles Town WV ≈20s -18 - - Rene O 2
fj 2014-09-24 00:50 UT 2014-09-23 20:50 EDT Southampton MA ≈20s 0 ? - Michael G 3
fk 2014-09-24 00:50 UT 2014-09-23 20:50 EDT Middletown CT ≈3.5s -10 - - - Sharron E 3
fl 2014-09-24 00:55 UT 2014-09-23 20:55 EDT Sykesville MD ≈45s -13 ? - ? Alex C 1
fm 2014-09-24 00:55 UT 2014-09-23 20:55 EDT Fairfield CT ≈1.5s -19 - - Lisa D 2
fn 2014-09-24 00:55 UT 2014-09-23 20:55 EDT ON ≈3.5s -17 - - Geoff S 2
fo 2014-09-24 01:00 UT 2014-09-23 21:00 EDT Orwell OH ≈3.5s -7 - - - Jason C 3
fp 2014-09-24 01:05 UT 2014-09-23 21:05 EDT Dublin ≈7.5s -13 ? - ? Jen D 3
fq 2014-09-24 01:15 UT 2014-09-23 21:15 EDT Stratford CT ? -5 - - - Sheridan B 3
fr 2014-09-24 01:00 UT 2014-09-23 21:00 EDT hilton NY ? -13 ? ? ? kurt w 1
g 2014-09-24 00:50 UT 2014-09-23 20:50 EDT South Bound Brook NJ ≈3.5s -22 - - Thiessen J 2
h 2014-09-24 00:50 UT 2014-09-23 20:50 EDT Reading PA ≈3.5s -18 - - ? Billy L 3
i 2014-09-24 00:50 UT 2014-09-23 20:50 EDT jim Thorpe PA ? -13 ? - James Z 1
j 2014-09-24 00:50 UT 2014-09-23 20:50 EDT Westfield NJ ≈1.5s -13 - - Julie H 1
k 2014-09-24 00:50 UT 2014-09-23 20:50 EDT New Haven CT ≈1.5s -14 - - Louise E 5
l 2014-09-24 00:50 UT 2014-09-23 20:50 EDT hudson NY ≈1.5s -13 ? - ? Kalyana M 2
m 2014-09-24 00:50 UT 2014-09-23 20:50 EDT Newton NJ ≈7.5s -20 - - Meredith S 1
n 2014-09-24 00:49 UT 2014-09-23 20:49 EDT Shrewsbury ? -3 - - M A 3
o 2014-09-24 00:49 UT 2014-09-23 20:49 EDT Boonton Township NJ <1s -13 - - Nick S 4
p 2014-09-24 00:48 UT 2014-09-23 20:48 EDT Hatfield PA ≈7.5s -20 - - Musick L 1
q 2014-09-24 00:48 UT 2014-09-23 20:48 EDT Cranbury Township NJ ≈1.5s -5 - - Gareth F 2
r 2014-09-24 00:47 UT 2014-09-23 20:47 EDT Frederick MD ≈1.5s -10 ? - Joe D 3
s 2014-09-24 00:47 UT 2014-09-23 20:47 EDT Brooklyn NY ≈1.5s -24 ? - - Denise M 1
t 2014-09-24 00:47 UT 2014-09-23 20:47 EDT New York NY ≈1.5s -22 - - - Andre F 1
u 2014-09-24 00:46 UT 2014-09-23 20:46 EDT Port Washington NY ≈3.5s -15 - - ? M C 2
v 2014-09-24 00:46 UT 2014-09-23 20:46 EDT NY ≈3.5s -20 - - - Dominick S 5
w 2014-09-24 00:46 UT 2014-09-23 20:46 EDT Dingmans Ferry PA ≈3.5s -13 - - Janet M 4
x 2014-09-24 00:46 UT 2014-09-23 20:46 EDT Holden MA ≈3.5s -6 ? - - Dan M 2
y 2014-09-24 00:46 UT 2014-09-23 20:46 EDT Shamokin Dam PA ≈7.5s -14 - - Thomas G 3
z 2014-09-24 00:45 UT 2014-09-23 20:45 EDT York PA ≈3.5s -17 - - ? valerie j 1