American Meteor Society
The Ursid meteor shower is the least observed of the major annual showers. In the northern hemisphere December nights are cold and often cloudy. Another hindrance is the fact that it peaks just before the Christmas holiday when many people are busy with holiday festivities. This shower is completely invisible from the southern hemisphere as the radiant lies too far north to be seen from south of the equator this time of year.
The Ursids are active from December 18-23 with a sharp maximum on December 22nd. Activity is normally low away from maximum with rates less than 1 shower member per hour. At maximum activity this source normally adds 5-10 medium velocity meteors to the 15 or so that are normally seen each morning hour from dark sky sites. This year though, the earth passes close to several past trails of debris that closely follow the orbit of comet 8P/Tuttle. This could enhance the Ursid activity seen this year. See the list of encounters in chronological order below listing the year of the debris trail, the expected time of maximum activity and the expected activity:
- 815 debris trail, December 22, 03h − 22h UT Expected activity: High
- 719 & 733 debris trails, December 22, 03h15m − 03h40m UT Expected activity: Low
- filament, December 22, 05h27m UT Expected activity: Low
- 829 debris trail, December 22, 06h10m UT Expected activity: High
- 801 debris trail, December 22, 17h31m UT Expected activity: Low
These predictions are no guarantee of exceptional activity as the timing is easier to predict than the density of the dust trails. The moon will be near its first quarter phase and half illuminated. Therefore it will set near midnight local standard time for most locations. The most favorable time appears to be near 6:10 Universal Time on December 22nd, when the Earth encounters the trail of debris from the trail created in the year 829. This timing favors western Europe all the way to the west coast of North America, basically wherever it is night at that time. Those in western North America will have to deal with moonlight while the moon will have set for all the other locations to the east. The northern polar and sub-polar regions are also favored as the radiant remains high in the sky at all times.
At maximum, the Ursid radiant lies just west of the fairly bright (2nd magnitude) star known as Kochab (beta Ursae Minoris). To those not familiar with star names, this area lies adjacent to the bowl of the “Little Dipper” as shown in the star chart. This area of the sky lies lowest in the northern sky near 20:00 (8pm) local standard time. This is the worst time to view the Ursids as most of the activity will occur beyond your line of sight, below the northern horizon. As the night progresses the Ursid radiant will slowly rise higher into the sky and is best placed during the last dark hour before dawn. To best view this activity it is suggested that you face toward the northern half of the sky. It doesn’t have to be directly at the radiant, but it’s a good idea to have the radiant within your field of view to help with shower association. Don’t look straight up as this is the worst place to look for meteors. Lower you view so that none of the horizon blocks your view. About half way up in the sky is suggested for most observers.
Despite the bitter cold, try to view for at least an hour. Meteor activity is notoriously variable and if you view for only a short time, it may occur during a lull in activity. Viewing for at least an hour ensures you will see several peaks and valleys of activity. Serious observers can contribute to our knowledge of the Ursids by providing data on each meteor they see. The time and magnitude of each meteor are most important. Additional information such as color, velocity, and persistent train phenomena can also be recorded. Note that not every meteor will be an Ursid. There are several minor showers also active during this period adding a few meteors to the hourly total. There are also upwards of 10 random meteors appearing each hour to add to your count. Therefore shower association of each meteor must be included.
Observers are encouraged to share their meteor observations with the International Meteor Organization as soon as possible after the session by filling out an online visual form. If you happen to be observing at a time of high meteor activity be sure to use smaller time periods within your session so that no period has excess of 20 meteors.
If you have never viewed this shower, be sure to check it out this year!
